1 Most previous studies, with a few exceptions, 3 involved single-photon or positron emission tomography (SPET or PET), which, while silent, constrain the number of scans that can be safely acquired. This may reflect the confounding effects of signaling the presence of hallucinations, which can engage areas theoretically implicated in auditory hallucinations, 4 as well as small numbers of subjects 2, 3 and the acquisition of a limited number of images per subject. Previous neuroimaging studies have sought to "capture" the pattern of activity during auditory hallucinations by asking patients to signal when they occur, 1 - 3 but the results have been inconsistent.
Functional imaging provides a means of studying their pathophysiology in vivo. Previous neuroimaging studies of auditory hallucinations may have identified different components of this network.ĪUDITORY VERBAL hallucinations (hereafter called auditory hallucinations) are perceptions of external speech in the absence of a stimulus and a cardinal feature of schizophrenia. Results Auditory hallucinations were associated with activation in the inferior frontal/insular, anterior cingulate, and temporal cortex bilaterally (with greater responses on the right), the right thalamus and inferior colliculus, and the left hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex ( P<.0001).Ĭonclusions Auditory hallucinations may be mediated by a distributed network of cortical and subcortical areas. Neural activity when patients were and were not experiencing hallucinations was compared in each subject and the group as a whole. Immediately after each scan, subjects reported whether they had been hallucinating at that instant. Approximately 50 individual scans were acquired at unpredictable intervals in each subject while they were intermittently hallucinating. Methods We examined 6 patients with schizophrenia who were experiencing frequent auditory hallucinations, using a novel functional magnetic resonance imaging method that permitted the measurement of spontaneous neural activity without requiring subjects to signal when hallucinations occurred. This may reflect the acquisition of small numbers of images in each subject and the confounding effects of patients actively signaling when hallucinations occur.
Functional neuroimaging provides a powerful means of measuring neural activity during auditory hallucinations, but the results from previous studies have been inconsistent. Shared Decision Making and Communicationīackground Perceptions of speech in the absence of an auditory stimulus (auditory verbal hallucinations) are a cardinal feature of schizophrenia.Scientific Discovery and the Future of Medicine.Health Care Economics, Insurance, Payment.Clinical Implications of Basic Neuroscience.Challenges in Clinical Electrocardiography.
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